Zemfira Safarova (Azerbaijan). Dede Gorgud's musical world 

Abstract

Our Dede Gorgud in the ancient monument of art of Azerbaijan people "Kitabi-Dede Gorgud" 1300 years ago wished his people, his native land peace and prosperity. Let the singer play his gopuz striking on strings on holidays, then peace and quiet will be at your home and native land. In the article there is considered gopuz which became the main musical instrument of oguz Ozans. According to mythological legend its creator and brilliant player was Dede Gorgud himself. Golcha gopuz indicated in Kitabi-Dede Gorgud is gopuzi-ozan, it often was called Dede Gorgud's gopuz. Among oguz dzhigits Dede Gorgud's gopuz was a sacred symbol. Oguz dzhigits seeing gopuz even in enemy's hands didn't approach to him and didn't kill him. Music soaked into each line, each verse of the epos "Dede Gorgud" musicality was its essence. V.V.Bartold in his translation bylinas of Dede-Gorgud into Russian called them not chapters, stories, narrations but "Songs". It seems to us that it is no mere chance for feeling the melodiousness of epos the scientist translated them by musical term "song" (may be by analogy with European legends – "Song about Nibelungs", "Song about Roland", "Song about Sid", "Song sbout Bamsi-Beyrek, Bay Bura's son", "Song about Gan Tural, Ganly Goje's son" etc. In "Kitabi-Dede Gorgud" there are other musical instruments – boru, alcha-gopuz, golcha gopuz, guruluja gopuz, davul, duduk, kuce, nagara, surna and others connected with various incidents, events, battles. "Kitabi-Dede Gorgud is a monument of culture not only of Azerbaijan people, this epos is all Turkic-speaking peoples' property. There are a series of legends connected with the theme Dede Gorgud which exist up to present. Legends connected with Gorgud's birth, his death. In the article there is considered the music of 11 Kazakh kuys. The article comes to end with the same words of Gorgud with which the author began it: "Let the singer play his gopuz striking on strings on holidays, then peace and quiet will be at your home and native land".
Key words: Dede Gorgud, music, dastan, poetry, gopuz 

Tariyel Mammadov (Azerbaijan). Interaction poem and song in the tradition songs of Azerbaijan ashigs

Abstract

The traditional ashig poetry, being integral part of the melodies as a whole, is normative character. The unified notion about man and his existence, being reflected in the ashig's conscience as the bearer of the artistic past of the bygone ages, consolidates artistic principles in the form of the aesthetical canon, deeply rooted in the ancient musical-verbal art of Azerbaijan people. Naturally, canonical art limited the poetic language, but at the same time, the ashig was bound to surpass his predecessors in transformation of the traditional themes, and in doing so, promoted the perfection of poetic style.
    Key words: ashig, poem, song, aruz, poetic rhythm, metrics, rhythm system, dastan.

Anna Amrakhova (Russia). A Cognitive Approach to the Formenbildung in Contemporary Music

Abstract

In this article, the author examines a certain way of using cognitive models in the Formenbildung. Image schemas and propositions, as well as their metaphoric and metonymic sweep, are introduced in view of this new classification. The findings are confirmed through some analyses of works by contemporary Russian composers.
Keywords: Formenbildung, cognitive models, frame analysis.

Rana Mammadova (Azerbaijan). On ethnomorphological analysis of Azerbaijan folk music

Abstract

   In the given article there is considered main terminological notion of ethnomorphological analysis of folk music – genoformulas. The typology and laconism of the genoformula is accentuated. The initial layer of early-folklore modulating is also considered.
  Keywords: analysis, typology, genoformula, mugam.

Rohat Cebe (Turkey). Yezidi music and the epic of Derweşe evdi

Abstract

The most common forms prevail in the field as means of Yezidi oral tradition are as follows: folk songs (strana folklori), various forms of narrative prose (çirok), and women`s laments (şin). Unfortunately, many forms existing in Yezidi oral tradition could only be studied within these three categories since forms in Kurmanji have not been thoroughly analyzed and documented. Yezidis use stran, which is considered the most popular and important form of oral tradition, in their conversations related to oral tradition. The Kurdish term stran means song. Its scope is broad. Celil Brothers` book entitled Zargotina Kurda, the most comprehensive and competent compilation that aims at documenting Kurmanji oral traditions by drawing on Yezidi sources, classifies stran as historical stran (tarixi), love stran (bengiti) dance stran (govend), and lament stran (şin). Even though they contain many different subjects, Yezidi strans mostly narrate heroism, villainy, and events that are believed to be historical.
  The most important Yezidi strans are as follows: Feriq Pasha, Dawude Dawud and Derweşe Evdi. Among these has Derweşe Evdi the richest musicality.
  Keywords: The Yezidis, The Yezidi Music, The Yezidi Oral Tradition, Derweşe Ewdi.

Tatyana Chernova (Russia). Musical Form in Terms of Genre

Abstract

The article presents a relation between musical genre and musical form. The author states that, yet an independent phenomenon, the genre of a piece of music is also an important aspect to determine its musical form. The problem of identifying the form of a piece of music with its structure is considered.
Keywords: genre, form, composition, structure.

Anna Amrakhova (Russia). Predication as an essential principle of the comparative methodology of Art

Abstract

The article tackles the act of predication not only in music, but also in different cultures. As the basis of conceptualization, predication performs a leading role in forming the concept, style and form. It is explained by the fact that the process of predication forms the thematic focus of rendering the material, and at the level of thinking – the difference between the metaphor and metonymy as cognitive models. This gives the opportunity to view the sound picturing in archaic cultures, program music of Romanticists and peculiarities of Formenbildung in opuses of modern composers from a different angle.
    Key words: Predication, comparative art studies, forming the concept and style, peculiarities of Formenbildung in modern music.

Inna Pazicheva (Azerbaijan). About the variant development in the third Symphony of Gara Garayev

Abstract

The article deals with the study of the principles of variant development in the Third Symphony by Gara Garayev. In the Azerbaijani composer's creative works, the stage of acquisition of twelve-note system by means of national tonal system is closely related to this symphony. The national sources of the symphony are determined by peculiarities of the melodic structure of thematic invention, as well as the countur designed modal sphere of Shur. In the selected serial range there are specified two incomplete tone series of the modal sphere of Shur, the keynotes of which are arranged in the distance of tritone "f-h".

In the third symphony we meet pitch offsets of theme-series to (the main theme of the first Part, one of the chapters of the final) and fro (the third part, symphony code). In separate cases, the composer divides the theme into two melodies and exercises them alternately (the second part), form one theme based on coupling of two versions of series (antecedent of the forth part). Gara Garauyev uses widely the methods of variability of the serial order – the permutation, rotary, interpolation. He forms a special type of thematical development in his work, in which there are coupled various kinds of variation techniques. Amongst them: methods of polyphpny of strict style (inversion, cancrizans etc.); principles of variation, selected on the twelve-note system (summarization of horizontal into vertical, free moving of sounds on octaves); means of motive working out, transferred to the serial thematic invenstion; including national traditions of the melos shaping – refrain and structure of performance.
    Key words: Gara Garayev, symphony, dodecaphony, principles of development, variation.

Amil Askarov (Azerbaijan). The Nakhchivan dance folklore in musicology researches (The 1960-1970th years)

Abstract

The article is about Azerbaijan dance folklore Yalli of Nakhchivan region. The musicology researches of Yalli are belonged to the 1960-1970th years. The famous ethnomusicologist Bayram Huseynli notated and classificated the dances Yalli of Nakhchivan. In this article author explored music history and performance aspects of genre Yalli.
    Key words: Nakhchivan music folklore, dance folklore Yalli, Bayram Huseynli, classification, performance.

Anatoly V. Budanov (Russia). Video clip way of thinking VS modern music education. integral approach possible?

Abstract

The article compares the views on the positive and negative properties of fact the videos are thinking of a modern student as on the process of development of some cognitive skills at the expense of others. The author gives several examples of integrated approach to the combination of tradition and innovation in music education students of the Academy for the last period 2012 / 13 of the school year. The pedagogical problem and developing technology aims at the formation of critical thinking of students.
    Key words: video clip way of thinking, innovative experience, personality-oriented teaching technologies

A.Bayramova (Azerbaijan). Baku in the memories and works of musicians and men of letters

Abstract

Baku, the capital of Azerbaijan, left its trace in the works and memories of a number of the outstanding people of the XIXth and XXth centuries, such as French writer Alexandre Dumas, father, Russian artist Grigoriy Gagarin, composer Pyotr Tchaykovsky, poet Sergey Yesenin, etc. The latter, besides the other works inspired by his several visits to Baku, wrote the poem Farewell, Baku! (1925). The author of the present article provides, for the first time, its English poetic translation.
    Key words: Baku, literature, musicians, Khurshudbanu Natavan, A.Dumas, S.Yesenin, memories, P.Tchaykovsky, Caucasus, Azerbaijani traditional musical instruments.

Dr. Sema Erkan (Turkey). Movement and music analysis of Turkish folk dances by Benesh movement notation

Abstract

In this article, Benesh Movement notation system and notation movement of Turkish Folk Dances which written with Benesh system has formed the subject. Since 1992, which is considered as a special branch with the basic rules of Benesh Folk Dances movement and music symbols are discussed in comparison. In this context, transferring onto the paper within the rules of writing of movement of traditional dances and music analysis were examined.
    Key words: Dance script, Benesh Movement Notation, Turkish Folk Dance, Music and Rhythm Analysis

Valintina Kholopova. The concept of "Russian music" and problem about the addressee of music from contemporary Russian composers.

Abstract

The article presents a generalization of the conceptions of contemporary Russian composers about the traits of Russian music today. For some musicians, such as Rodion Shchedrin, his toes with Russian music are obvious, whereas for others, such as Sophia Gubaidulina, they are in question. Victor Ekimovsky asserts that he has never written "Russian music" specially. Yuri Vorontsov supposes that life itself in Russia brings the Russian national element into music and other art forms. Many composers concur with each other that Russian music is characterized by philosophical moods, reflecting on the profound questions of existence, broad strokes and the attitude itself towards art as towards a mission or religious service. These features and values of Russian music are especially perceived by composers who live and write music outside of Russia.
Keywords: composer, music, modernity, musical content, contemporary musicology.

Alexei Panov, Ivan Rosanoff. Towards the Tact and Tactus in German Baroque Treatises

In music history during the period encompassing the years beginning from the late 15-th to the middle of the 18-th centuries a fundamental significance in music theory and practice had been designated to the definition of Tact and Tactus. Such a broad historical scope of our paper inevitably involves the inclusion of much material, and the authors were forced to concentrate mainly on materials of the 17-th and beginning of the 18-th centuries. In the discussion of the meaning of the terms Tact, Tactus and also the verb tangere we applyed not only to treatises on music, as compared with other scholars, but to different kind of language dictionaries of that period, such as: A. de Fulda, P. Dasypodio, I. Serrano, Chr Wase, A. Ornitoparchus, J. Dowland, T. de Santa-Maria, Chr. Demantius, H. Faber, A. Gumpelzhaimer, J. Quirsfeld, A. Wilfflingseder, G. Falck, J. R. Ahle, J. G. Walther and many others. In result it has been certainly defined that the general meaning of Tact and Tactus (along with the verb tangere) was 'to beat the meter', and the last had to be done with great precision.
Keywords: tact, tactus, tactibus, tactistæ, compas, Tango, tangere, Schlag, Anrühren, Valor, Geltung, to beat, steady/regular/equal, Augenblick, Niederschlag, Auffheben, die Seele der Music, the soul of music.

Rovshana Karimova. The religious themes in the creativity of composers and ways of its spread.

Abstract

The article provides an overview of the works of Azerbaijani composers devoted to religious themes, as well as victims of the Karabakh war, in which the tragic images require adequate implementation by using different text, melodic intonation, genre features. The author describes these works in two directions: on the one hand, it works trends of contemporary world music, on the other hand works emerged as a response to the tragic events that took place in Azerbaijan in the past decade.
Keywords: religion, music, imagery, text, genre.

Rimma Pospelova. The oncoming traffic: theology and physics? To the 75th anniversary of V.V.Medushevsky

Abstract

The paper deals with activities of Viacheslav V. Medushevsky (Professor of Moscow Chaikovsky Conservatory, born in 1939), whose anniversary (75) is celebrated in 2014. His main achievements are outlined – talent to write about spiritual beauty of music so sincerely as St.Augustine did, gift of eloquence, gift of prophecy, civic virtue. Theological foundations combined with staggering erudition allow him to be in front line of the modern musicology.
Keywords: Viacheslav V. Medushevsky (Professor of Moscow Chaikovsky Conservatory, born in 1939), methodological problems of modern musicology, theology and music.

Rohat Cebe. A new opinion at the performing technique of playing the traditional instruments of the 20th century and their notation

Abstract

 Musicians, as of the early 20th century, played an important role in the development of instrumental techniques and new sound resources more than that of any other musical periods ever before. Music is composed by a composer. The composer concludes her/his creativity by considering technical and physical features of instruments and instrument groups that he or she will use within the bounds of possibility. This is a necessity. This necessity, in parallel with cultural, political, and technological developments, reached the most active and maybe the most creative levels in the early 20th century. The development of instrumental techniques and new sound resources brought about new composition and performance techniques. Many composers living in this period sought to produce different timbres and colors from instruments in their works than those existing until that day whereas another group of composers denying inheritance that passed to them endeavored to create new instruments developed by electronic techniques, and to produce new timbres from these instruments. Apart from the idea of creating new instruments, the endeavor to acquire new timbres from existing instruments caused a new form of notation that was different from conventional notation. The search for new and the practice of discovered innovations in this period reached the highest levels not only through composers but also many soloist instrumentalists determining and exploring her/his own instrument's sound capability. This article inquires into the developments within the period starting from the first quarter of the 20th century to this day in terms of new performance techniques in woodwinds, and particularly strings instruments, by illustrating samples of pieces and notation of new composition techniques.
Keywords: New Performance Techniques, New Composition Techniques, Strings Instruments, Woodwinds.

Rakhmanova Nadezhda. Comparison of styles of the two great masters of the era of realism

Abstract

The article examines the sound engineering as art, which has stylistic features. At the example of a comparative analysis of phonograms of American recording engineers Fred Plaut and Harold Chapman.
Keywords: art sound design, style, jazz, soundtrack

İrfan Chalik. Cartoons shape the construction of Turkish an instrument of Tulum masters

Abstract

Bagpipe can be seen in different countries in the world. Although the origin of this instrument is the same,in time its shape and the playing technique has changed through saving its general features. The bagpipes used in different countries in the world has the same characteristics with regards to shape, sound and the styles of playing technique. When we evaluate the present condition of the bagpipes, this instrument is not common as much as Turkey when compared to other countries in the world. The reason behind it is that; the richness of the culture, numerousness of its users and masters. The aim of this study is to give information about the ways of bagpipe construction and the masters of bagpipe.
Key Words: Bagpipe, Bagpipe With horn, Gayda

Ariz Abdulaliyev. Matters of inheritance, propaganda and development of Azerbaijan mugam art in Heydar Aliyev's culture politics. First article

Abstract

The article by Ariz Abdulaliyev is about matters of inheritance, propaganda and development of Azerbaijan traditional mugam art in 1969-1982. These important matters of traditional mugam art was achievement of Heydar Aliyev's new culture politics. Political leader of Azerbaijan Republic Heydar Aliyev gave the official decisions about jubilees, honorary titles and rewarding of prominent mugam masters. In this years the prominent performers of mugam had been rewarded supreme honorary titles and prizes. Musicology conferences were organized and articles, books, dissertations were written about Azerbaijan ancient mugam art. Concerts, festivals, сompetitions, tours which consist from traditional music were increased. In Azerbaijan State Conservatory were created new departments of traditional professional music. Author investigates the new archive documents about these real facts.
Key words: Heydar Aliyev's new cultural politics; 1969-1982 years; traditional mugam art of Azerbaijan; prominent mugam performers; inheritance, propaganda and development; concerts, сompetitions and conferences; musicology; new archive documents.

Violetta Yunusova. Immortal Tunes "Koroglu"

Abstract

This review is devoted to basic research of the famous scientist, Honored Art Worker of Azerbaijan, Doctor of Arts, Professor, member of Composers'Union and Union of musical figures of Azerbaijan, founder and editor of the international scientific journal "Musiqi Dünyası" Tariyel Mammadov. The book continues the series of works to the music of the Turkic epic, broad historical background discusses the history of epic melodies, originality revealed Azerbaijani versions of the "Koroglu" epic in comparison with the heroic epics of other peoples of the Middle East, the Caucasus and Central Asia, the Balkans. The paper also defines the role of the Azerbaijani version of this epic as the main, presented creative portraits of famous – ashiqs, issues of methodology for studying the music of the Turkic epic.
Keywords: Koroglu, epic melodies, ashiqs, Azerbaijani epic, performance.

Valery Syrov. A Composer Style as a Dynamic System Nikolayevich

Abstract

The article considers a typological aspect of a composer style problem. This style represents a unity of three main parameters: ideal content, psychology and structure. Their interaction inside a multilevel style system leads to an endless variety of individual forms of style thinking and its organization.
Key words: style, composer, assimilation, re-creation, style dialogue.

Sándor Szabó. The mystery of the lost and found Hungarian Major scale

Abstract

In 1980, an American-published handbook turned up introducing exotic music scales for jazz musicians and I was surprised to discover a special sounding scale called Hungarian Major in the book. However, this scale is unknown in the Hungarian folk music and is also unknown to the modern Hungarian composers. In the last 100, years many researchers worked to collect all the Hungarian folksongs and now we can say we have a uniquely rich collection, but in spite of this treasure of songs, the Hungarian Major scale does not occur in any collections. The scale surfaced in the Western culture and this fact raises a few questions.
-What is the origin of the Hungarian Major scale? A few Western musicologists were asked about the origin of the Hungarian Major, but they referred to the South Indian Melakarta system.
-What is the relationship between the Melakarta system and the Hungarian Major scale? How and when they did the scale get into the Western culture? In the last centuries, many books have been published containing collections of exotic scales to help modern composers and creative musicians. Almost all of them include the Hungarian Major scale.
-Who named the scale as Hungarian Major? -Was its name Hungarian Major originally or someone named it later when it turned up in the Western culture?
When the Hungarian Major is compared with other similar scales used in ethnic music and analyzed, further questions are raised, like:
- How did the knowledge of higher culture filter down into the lower level of the association? One of the mode (VII.) of the Hungarian Major scale is the Japanese Nohkan.
-What is the relationship with the Japanese Nohkan scale?
Many questions are raised in this study. We have limited knowledge but we have more suppositions in this topic.
The aim of this study is to raise the attention of Oriental and Western music scientists to discuss this topic and to help to unfold this mystery.

Ariz Abdulaliyev. The actuality of Heydar Aliyev's ideas about Uzeyir Hajibeyli's creativity for musicology and music education

Abstract

The article is dedicated to Heydar Aliyev's great merits in the development of music art and music education. President of Azerbaijan Republic, National Leader, outstanding statesman Heydar Aliyev created modern and new cultural policy in the independent republic. Heydar Aliyev fulfilled as important mission in the protection, promotion and investigation of Uzeyir Hajibayli's rich musical heritage.
Uzeyir Hajibayli is the founder of the classic professional music of Azerbaijan in XX century. Heydar Aliyev in his speeches nominated interesting, new ideas and concepts about Uzeyir Hajibayli's art activity, creative role and musical works. He praised Uzeyir Hajibayli's important merits in development of music art, music education, public life. These thoughts and ideas have relevance for the modern musicology and music education.
Heydar Aliyev's interesting ideas about Uzeyir Hajibeyli's creativity are investigated in this article.
Key words: musical heritage, creativity, musicology and music education, ideas, actuality

Olesya Platonova. Salsa and its sound

Abstract

The main point of the article is salsa as a generic phenomenon of Latin American culture. The central question is performing features of salsa. The characteristic of ensembles based on individual and regional types, issues of sound of different instruments, vocal manner, importance of improvisation. Author shows the direct dependence between this factors and sociocultural environment in which salsa is developing. The birth of the genre among Latin emigrants in New York, close relations with modern dance community, the existence of music in atmosphere of nightclubs, live concerts and dance parties.
The difference of sounds in salsa along with its typical structure, standard type of ensemble, rhythmic features is one of the most important characteristics of genre salsa.
Keywords. Salsa, genre, ensemble, fuerza, improvisation, sonero, descarga.

Leyla Mammadova-Farajova. Faig Nagiyev: "The concert for a cappella choir" memory of Gara Garayev.

Abstract

In Leyla Mammadova' s article by the name "Фаик Нагиев: Концерт для хора а жаппелла" памяти Кара Караева some problems of choral art are investigated. Honored Artist of the Republic of Azerbaijan Faig Nagiyev is author of such works as "Uch bayati", "Sumgayit hagginda oda", "Ana veten", "Shamin nalesi", "Ashigem" and so on. Leyla Mammadova in his article reveals vertues of innovation of choral performance. However, tradition and innovation is reflected in the creation of F. Nagiyev.

Natalya Gorshkova. Biographical sketches in the context historical realities of postwar germany of the twentieth century.

Abstract

This article is the first attempt to highlight the main facts from the early period of the composer in the context of contemporary events in Germany mid-twentieth century.
Keywords: Lachenmann, Stuttgart, the ideology of Nazism, denatsifikayatsiya, the American occupation zone, Darmstadt school.

 

Aybeniz Novrasli. The common features of creativity G.Garayev and A.Alizadeh

Abstract

This article describes the features of the style and creativity of prominent Azerbaijanian composers Gara Garayev and Akshin Alizadeh in the comparative analysis. In spite of the correspondence relationship between the teacher and student composers, you can find a lot in common both in moral and in a rational sense.
Key words: Gara Garayev, Akshin Alizade, composer  

 

Ayten Babayeva. Choral scenes in the opera of V.Adigezalov "Ölülər-Deads"

Abstract

In this paper there have been considered the musical-dramatic questions in the opera "Deads" of V.Adigezalov and investigated some peculiarities in the context of the European and national traditions. In addition, the peculiarities of formation of choral scenes as the fields of opera dramaturgy have been considered. Some principles of development and richness of the musical language of the opera "Deads" have been also analyzed.
Key words: first Azerbaijan satirical opera, choral scenes, musical-dramatic questions  

Gorkhmaz Alilijanzadeh. New theoretical look into the roots of the history of mugham.

Abstract

The main topic of the article - In this article, we tried to explore the mugham in mugham study, in the period of independence from a new angle. The proposed work plan for the coming years of the author. Mugham - "key" to the music of all the nations of the world. With the help of mugham departments we can distinguish in which "lad" is composed a music of every nation. At the same time, there is no such music, among the music of all the nations of the world, which would be the key to mugham departments and with the help of which could be determined "lad" of mugham. We have tried to explore the historical stage of mugham. 1) rituals, customs and traditions, 2) the period of the Sumerians, 3) the period of Zoroastrianism, 4) "Mug" 5) the periods before and after Islam, 6) religion and mugham, 7) Some problems in modern mugham study.
Key words: mugham, rituals, customs and traditions, the Sumerians, Zoroastrianism, mug, music in religion.  

 

Gulara Akhundova. The role of conductors and chorus master in the development of musical theater of Azerbaijan.

Abstract

The article deals with the creative activity of young Azerbaijan theater conductors J.Jafarov and N.Hajialibeyov and choirmaster S.Hajiyeva and V.Mastanov.
Key words: musical theater, conductor, choirmaster, performance.  

 

Sonakhanim Ibragimova. About the connections of culture, business and NGO in music management

Abstract

This article by S.Ibragimova is about culture management. The connections and co-operations among business, culture and NGO are investigated in the article. There are connections between business and culture, business and art in the countries which have market economy and democraty development. The connections between business and culture are expressed and carried out by culture management or music management. Connections between business and culture bear commercial interests.

Culture management acts related with NGO. Non-governmental organizations takes a great part in the development of democraty and civil society. NGO acts non-commercially in all the public areas. These social organizations and foundations carry out new prejects and trainings on culture and art field. They take an active part in culture life and organize music and theatre festivals, contests, concerts.

Business and NGO participate in organization of the festivals and concerts of classic and pop music, take part in development and promotion of traditional and classic music art, protection of taditional culture heritage, they carry out show business projects. The activity of these fields are connected and managed by culture management, festival management and music management.
Key words: business and culture, NGO and culture, commercial and non-profit, music management, connections and co-operations, development of music culture  

Olga Alferova. Chamber-vocal cycle of R.Strauss's "Flower Maidens": to the problem of style.

Abstract

The article is devoted to chamber-vocal cycle of Richard Strauss's "Flower Maidens". E Krause notes that early vocal works were the source for the further evolution of the composer's style. However, certain works of the composer have not been studied in this respect in well-known articles by A. Krause, Vasin, Grossman, I. Leopa. The paper presents the analysis of the cycle in the context of three styles: romanticism, impressionism and modern.
Keywords: R. Strauss, F. Dan, impressionism, romanticism, modern, maidens- flowers.

Vyacheslav Grachev. Reflection spiritual insights S.I. Taneyev in the works of the post-Soviet composers

Abstract

In the article «Reflection spiritual insights S.I. Taneyev in the works of the post-Soviet composers», the author interprets the embodiment of retro-ideas of the great composer and philosopher S. Taneyev in the light of the latest findings of post-Soviet school of composition. He comes to the conclusion that many of the polyphonic ideas, updated Taneyev, after 100 years are perceived as the foresight of a new style, to replace the traditional priorities of composing in music.
Keywords: spiritual enlightenment, retro-idea, polyphonic equipment, Middle Ages, church music, minimalism, style.

Sonakhanim Ibragimova. About the infrastructure of music management  

Abstract

The article dedicated to the infrastructure of music management. The internal and external spheres, parts and influence factories of them belong to the infrastructure of management activities. The author explored these issues of music management. In this article suggestions about these problems are put forward.
Key words: universal infrastructure of management, internal and external spheres, influence factories, music management.

Laman Leiba. Jangi and 战歌 PY [Zhàngē] as a common genre in martial music of Azerbaijan and China and as an embodiment of military traditions of both countries.

Abstract

This article tells about the same music term for martial music genre in Azerbaijan and China and investigates the origin of the word "Jangi" (Azerbaijan) and战歌 PY [zhàngē] (Chinese) through the martial traditions . Also here there is an investigation of parallels between Jangi -战歌 PY [zhàngē] and European march music through astronomical facts about planet Mars and beliefs about Mars as a God of War .
Key words: martial music, military music, march, 战歌, zhange, jangi, Mars, battle song, war dance .

Ariz Abdulaliyev. Haydar Aliyev's role in perpetuating of Azerbaijan composers' memory

Abstract

National Leader of Azerbaijan people, genius statesman Haydar Aliyev had a great merit and success in development of Azerbaijan music art. For example, he made important official decisions in the spheres of propaganda and publication of composers' creation, immortalized composers' memory. In this article author investigates two official decrees about perpetuating eminent composers' memory - Afrasiyab Badalbeyli and Soltan Hadjibeyov, in the 11 January, 1977th .
Key words: Haydar Aliyev and Azerbaijan music art; eminent composers of Azerbaijan; offisical desicion to immortalized A.Badalbeyli's memory; offisical desicion to immortalized S.Hadjibeyov's memory. 11 January, 1977.

Irina Leopa. Especially the structuring of chamber vocal cycles by Gustav Mahler

Abstract

The article analyzes the main structural characteristics that have become means of unification of chamber vocal cycles by Gystav Mahler.
Key words: vocal cycle, intonation unity, musical-rhetorical figures, time dimension, through the development of.

Alla Bayramova. Uzeir Hajibeyli and Literature

Abstract

The article studies the place and the role of literature in Uzeir Hajibeyli’s life and works. It traces the facts of his reading experience, beginning with his youth, and tells about his literary activities as a subject of research by Azerbaijani philologists.
Key words: Uzeir Hajibeyli, relations between music and literature, intermediality, Azerbaijani composers, musicology, philology.

Violetta Yunusova, Alexander Kharuto.Computer Sound Analysis of Traditional Music of Asia

Abstract

The article deals with computer sound analysis in investigations of instrumental and vocal traditional music of Asia — as an additional, but important method of ethnomusicological research. It is based on more than twenty-year experience in the computer sound analysis by means of the SPAX program (A. Kharuto) in the Moscow P. I. Tchaikovsky conservatory.

Arzu Abbasova. Politics Exercised Through Music: Comparing Azerbaijan Before and After Independence

Abstract

Politics and music have grabbed the attention of many scholars and it is a topic rarely referred. This study aimed to close the existing gap and contribute to the politics and music sphere in the local area. The research intended to investigate the extent politics exercised through music in Azerbaijan before and after the independence. The information was collected through individual and group interviews, focus groups and source analysis. The conclusion came into was that politics was more exercised in the Soviet period, however, this pattern also continued after the independence. Azerbaijani music was broadly analyzed and special attention was given to musical genres such as mugham, meykhana, ashiq music and rap. The conducted research targets to reach the audience of musical specialist, particularly theorists and benefit the politicians.
Keywords: anthem, ashiq music, meykhana, mugham, politics in music, Soviet period in Azerbaijan

İrade Abbasova, Özlem Akkaynak. Tarihin ve tarihi olayların Türkülere yansımas

Abstract

The first example of turku (folk song) in Anatolia belongs to the XVIth century. This example, which is in turku form and bears the name turku pertains to Oksuz Dede. Turkus are artefacts, with known owners at the beginning. However, the real owner of the turku is forgotten through time and it spreads to different geographies by following generations as the folk sings the turku. Turkus, thus, are anonymized. Turkus, which are local at the beginning, start to exhibit a national identity in time. Migrations, caravans, military expeditions and historical events play a rather significant role in the anonymization of turkus. History, and the historical events cause some changes in the lyrics and melodies of turkus during their spread. Sometimes, these changes render the türkü so inrecognizable that these works emerge as completely another turku.
Keywords: Turku, folk, song, history, events.

İradə ABBASOVA. Musiqi mədəniyyətinin inkişafında fortepiano duetləri

Abstract

The article deals with some performing features of piano duets, such as dynamics, agogy, pedalization, tempo, etc. These and other types of performing in piano works and treatments for four hands are disclosed. In the examples, the image-emotional content, smooth sound extraction in the ensemble game are considered.
Key words: piano duo, chamber ensemble, instrumental interpretation, homophonic-harmonic style.

İradə ABBASOVA. XX əsrin sonu, XXI əsrin əvvəllərində fortepiano əsərləri

Abstract

In the presented article genre, stylistic, artistic-technical and performing questions of piano works of the end of the XX century, the beginning of the XXI century are considered. European and Russian traditions are revealed in the development of Azerbaijan piano music. Stylistic innovations, new genre types (sketch, fresco, fleetingness, images) and genre hybrids (concert-symphony, poem-tokata, variation) are analyzed on the example of composer creativity.
Key words: piano music, stylistic innovations, neoclassicism, 12 tone composition technique, modern trends.

 

Afet HASANOVA. Azerbaijani Culture of the Middle Ages in the Context of Artistic Traditions of the Middle East

Abstract

The article studies Azerbaijani cultural traditions in the context of common cultural values of the East. The study focuses on the historical aspects of the problem. Being analyzed from the cultural aspect of view, the subject brings forward the geographical, historical, ethnographic and psychological factors. In particular, the article pays attention to key processes taking place in the cultural history of the East since the Middle Ages forward. Manifestations of these processes in the Azerbaijani culture of are studied. Cultural partnership factors are disclosed. The common features observed in Azerbaijani cultural traditions are assessed based on both the historical and modern scientific criteria. The article provides scientific analysis of the formation of the artistic culture. Turkish ethno-cultural factor is drawn forward in the bilateral cultural processes. The paper investigates the synthesis of artistic styles in architecture. It justifies thoughts about the decorative-applied art in the Eastern art culture. The value of the Oriental traditions in the world heritage have been explained. Characteristic features of traditional music culture have been studied. In general, based on analysis of the sources related to the subject it may be concluded that Azerbaijani culture is the product of both the local and universal and regional contexts.
Keywords: Azerbaijan, artistic culture, architecture, arts and crafts, music, literary heritage.

Amil ASKEROV. Yalli Dances in Nakhchivan Musical Culture

Abstract

The article is devoted to the Nakhchivan yallis, which have a special place and role in the musical culture of Azerbaijan. Based on the notes of Nakhchivan Yallis and the researches carried out, classification of yalli dances was conducted, and the area of spread was determined. The writing of the Yalli names has been revealed in connection with the terrain, man, tribal names, mythological outlook,and actions. The musical instruments used in accompaniment of yalli dances have been characterized. Comparative analysis of yallis in the Azerbaijan – Turkey area has been put forward as an important issue.
Key words: Azerbaijan, Nakhchivan, yalli, genre, range, performance, note, classification, research.

Rena SAFARALIBEYOVA. On the semantic levels of symphonic engravings "don Quixote" by Kara Karaev

Abstract

As is known, the actual hermeneutic task of musicology is the concentration of attention on the semantic content of the musical work. In this article, the author tries to identify these levels in one of the most popular works of Kara Karaev and to understand how the actual internal problem is being solved for the composer in the symphonic engravings "Don Quixote". For the first time the article analyzes the parody level of the musical content of the symphonic engravings and reveals the important dramatic role of the rock theme.
Keywords: Kara Karaev, symphonic engravings "Don Quixote", hermeneutic, semantic levels, semantic content, parody, theme of fate

Gulnaz İsmayilova. Сhamber-vocal compositions of Azerbaijan composers at the creation of Fidan Gasimova

Abstract

The article titled “Сhamber-vocal compositions of Azerbaijan composers at the creation of Fidan Gasimova”, presented bu Gulnaz İsmayilova, examines the life and creation of the well-known Azerbaijani vocal singer Fidan Gasimova and researches chamber-vocal genre, constituting an important part of her work. Сhamber-vocal creations of Azerbaijan composers, which made a significant contribution to Azerbaijani vocal music culture, are analyzed from the historical and theoretical perspectives, and the major innovations and factors brought to our vocal musical art through this genre have been confirmed.
Key words: vocal-chamber creation, musically-expressive means, interpretation.

Sevinc ƏLƏSGƏROVA. İNCƏSƏNƏTİN MƏNƏVİ MƏZMUNU: MİLLİLİK VƏ ÜMUMBƏŞƏRİLİYİN NİSBƏTİ

Abstract

The article is devoted to changes in the content and form of art in the context of modern global integration of cultures of the peoples of the world. The idea of the objectivity of this process, the broad possibilities of the impact of art on the formation of public consciousness is substantiated. A comparative analysis of the development trends of certain areas of world art and aesthetic thought shows that the mutual influence of cultures plays a big role here, where some of them play a leading role. In particular, globalization itself leaves an imprint on the development of national cultures, including national art, when the trends and principles of its formation change. Art must contribute to the construction of a nonviolent, just society.
Keywords: art, moral values, ethics and aesthetics, national identity.

Nidjat Pashayev. The meaning and use of the eponymous mugham sections in the“ Shur ”mugham family

Annotation

The article is devoted to the study of mugams of the Shur family, which are widespread in Azerbaijani music, and to the identification of the peculiarities of using the sections of the same name in their composition. The author, relying on scientific literature and musical notations of mugams, analyzes the sections of the same name, revealing their meaning in the composition of mugams.
Keywords. Mugam, dastgah, section, modus, modulation.

Nigar Abasova. The problem of the analysis of the modal basis in the piano pieces of Azerbaijani composers

Annotation

The article is devoted to the study of the piano music of Azerbaijani composers. The author analyzes the modal basis of piano pieces, characterizes the role of expressive means in revealing the figurative content of the work.
Keywords. Composer, piano, piece, modal basis, melody, harmony.

Fakhriya Isayeva. Television Space (TV) – Problems and Perspectives

Annotation

Contempovary epoch is a century of technologies.We`ll not be mistaken if we name it the century of internet with the help of which the people in the whole world get practically any information, know news. In such a situation there appears a question: « Is television necessary at all? ». We have tried to answer this question and throw light upon it. It becomes evident that there is always necessity in cultural enlightening, moral – educative and educational programs. The consideration of this question permits to draw a conclusion that in Azerbaijan television space it is possible to obtain the appearance of programs which being highly-aesthetic will become a product of serious creative searches, will correspond to requirements of contemporary audience and will be directed to the preservation and further development of cultural and spiritual values of our people. It is necessary to regulate earnestly the relations between TV channels, to carry out a single program policy, to raise the attention for the preparation of highly qualified TV journalists and producers, cinema and TV operators.
Key words: television, creation, problems, information, news, culture, radio, mugham.

Pika Akhundova-Talibly. Mugham teaching and non-linearity as a crossroad of greatness and modernity

Annotation

The article deals with non-linear approach methods in the teaching process. The main line of the article is the close connection of these methods with the teaching of mugham-dastgahs, the improvised beginning of mugham and the necessity of the application of these principles in pedagogical activity. The two beginnings in question are analyzed within the context of the crossover of greatness and modernity.
Keywords: pedagogy, bifurcation, teaching, mugham, non-linearity

Habiba MAMMADOVA. East-West synthesis in the works of Firangiz Alizadeh

Annotation

The presented article highlights the embodiment of the synthesis of East and West in the works of a prominent Azerbaijani composer, People’s Artist, holder of the honorary title UNESCO’s "Artist for Peace" Firangiz Alizadeh. It has been noted that F. Alizade's creativity plays an important role in the proper representation of Azerbaijan in the world cultural processes. It should be noted that the East-West synthesis in Azerbaijani music was first carried out by Uzeyir Hajibeyli. In general, Azerbaijani music can be interpreted as a synthesized model of Eastern and Western music. An example of a successful synthesis of Eastern and Western music can be observed in the works of Gara Garayev, Fikret Amirov and many other composers. From this point of view, Firangiz Alizadeh, a worthy representative of the Gara Garayev school, continuing these traditions has created the most perfect examples of East-West synthesis in her works "Habilsayagy", "Mugflagamenco", "Nasimi-Passion" and others. In "Habilsayagy", where East-West synthesis is fully resolved, the composer has applied many features of the mugam dastgah. The composer has created a very original composition by adding modern avant-garde music to the East-West synthesis. In addition to adapting the Italian musical instrument cello to our national musical instrument kamancha, the composer both imitates percussion instruments on the piano, and at some point tries to create proximity with the timbre of the tar.
Another direction of East-West synthesis in Firangiz Alizadeh's creativity is the joint performance of national musical instruments and European instruments. In F.Alizade's "Zikr", half of the 27 musicians play national and the other half play European instruments. Applying to such experiments, the composer tries to use the sound capabilities of all instruments at the required level. One of the most interesting examples of East-West synthesis is F. Alizade's "Dervish". A khanende, a trio of European stringed instruments - violin, viola, cello and three national musical instruments - tutek (ney), ganun and double drums participate in this piece composed to the words of the great poet Nasimi's ghazal "I am a dervish". One of the most original examples of East-West synthesis in the creativity of Firangiz Alizade is the composition "Mugflagamenko". This work combines mugham and flamenco. Interestingly, in this work, the composer, along with precisely written music, included in the score improvised episodes performed by different orchestral groups and solo instruments. One of the works where the ancient art of mugam intersects the line of modern composer's writing is F.Alizade's "Mugamsayaghi" string quartet. The composer's excellent oratorio "Nasimi-Passion" dedicated to Nasimi is another example of East-West synthesis. In "Nasimi-Passion" F.Alizadeh worked together with modernism and medieval Sufi philosophy, which is a different way of thinking of the East . Another interesting example of East-West synthesis in F.Alizade's creativity is the vocal quartet "Bayatilar" intended only for vocal performance. In this work, the style of improvisation characteristic for folk music, the features of vocal polyphony arising from the performance of vocal-instrumental mugam and other features are synthesized with the complexity of modern musical techniques. A perfect example of East-West synthesis in the composer's creativity is “Gottes ist der Orient” for choir, organ, harp and percussion instruments. The bilingual nature of the work has a special meaning and becomes an indicator of East-West synthesis.
East-West synthesis manifests itself in a very dynamic way in Alizade's works. It has been noted that in all the works of Firangiz Alizadeh, Eastern thinking is synthesized in modern ways. F.Alizadeh, who combined the world of Eastern and Western music in her works, has created a variety of timbre and presented Azerbaijani music in a new style.
Keywords: Firangiz Alizade, East-West synthesis, mugam, timbre, contemporary music.

Narmin Djabiyeva. The Maestro Military Music Yusif Akhundzade

Annotation

The presented article discusses about the Chief of the Military Orchestra Service of the Ministry of Defense of the Republic of Azerbaijan, The Honored National Artist, Head of the Department of Wind and Percussion Instruments of Baku Music Academy named after Uzeyir Hajibayli, General Major, Professor Yusif Akhundzade. The article discusses the life and work of Yusif Akhundzade and the improvement of the military orchestra.
Key words: Yusif Akhundzade, orchestra, Baku Music Academy, wind and Percussion instruments.

Gulnaz Abdullazadeh. The place and essence of music in Muslim culture

Annotation

The article presented by Gulnaz Abdullazadeh is dedicated to "The place and essence of music in Muslim culture." It explores the unique ideological, thematic, stylistic and compositional features of the medieval music culture of the peoples of Western Europe, the Middle East. The article deals with the expressionist music of medieval Muslim thinkers (expressing one's inner world, expressing oneself); 2) aesthetic-hedonistic (aesthetic sadness, delivery of pleasure); 3) emotional and psychological (creation of a certain emotional state, mood); 4) ethical-pedagogical (education of perfect moral personality - writer); 5) The main therapeutic and therapeutic functions (treatment of mental and physical diseases) are described. At the same time, comparisons were made on the basis of Azerbaijani mughams.
Keywords: music, style, mugam, Muslim, culture.

Zumrud Akhundova-Dadashzadeh. Through traditions to the future

Annotation

The dichotomy of “traditional - innovative” is one of the constants for the study of artistic creativity. Often the traditional component in this pair of phenomena was endowed with negative characteristics. However, practice shows that the creative embodiment of traditions leads to significant artistic results.
The purpose of this article is to reflect how the traditions of musical culture stimulate composers to actively seek bold decisions. The stated problem is elucidated by the example of Azerbaijani academic music, the whole path of formation and development of which is the search for ways of interaction between rich national traditions (mugham, ashig art) with modern techniques and methods of composition.
Innovations manifest themselves, first of all, at the level of the visible implementation of the national element - through the rhythmic, modal, intonational aspects, giving rise, for example, to “mugham sonoristics”. The desire to embody the principles of national musical thinking (in-depth approach) dictates the laws of building the form and a special type of development: hence the static, total variation (variability), and the predominance of the improvisational principle. The main provisions of the article are illustrated by the works of Agshin Alizade, Faraj Garayev, Frangiz Alizade, Rahilia Hasanova, Javanshir Guliyev. The result of the research is the identification of the artistic revelations, cognitive models associated with national thinking in the works of Azerbaijani composers. In the context of globalization, the leveling of cultural identity, the presented variety of examples demonstrate the fruitful role of traditions in contemporary art, their wide opportunities for updating the entire system of artistic means of academic music.
Keywords: dichotomy of “traditional - innovative”, mugham, symphony, principles of national musical thinking, artistic revelation, variation, minimalism, passion, “total music”

Alla Bayramova. Some Peculiarities of the Interpretation of Musical Plots in Nizami’s The Khamsa

Annotation

The issues of the medieval East’s musical life realities reflected in the texts of Nizami Ganjavi’s The Khamseh and in the illustrations of its hand copied books are in the focus of this article. The first time the musical component of the miniatures in the manuscripts preserved in the Manuscript Institute of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences have been studied. Speaking of the peculiarities of these miniatures, the author also raises some questions still remaining unclear and therefore needing further research.
Key words: Nizami Ganjavi, The Khamsa, Islamic miniatures, ethnoorganology, musical instruments, The Manuscripts Institute, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences.

Cəmilə HƏSƏNOVA. Azərbaycanda etnomusiqişünaslığın inkişafında Üzeyir Hacıbəyli və Müslüm Maqomayevin rolu

Annotation

The article examines the activities of two like-minded composers Uzeyir Hajibeyli and Muslim Magomayev in the creation of a composer school in Azerbaijan, as well as in the field of ethnomusicology, since the beginning of the twentieth century. Their fundamental role in the development of Azerbaijani musical culture opened a new page in ethnomusicology and was an important stage in the collection, recording, application of folk music in composing and its scientific study.
Keywords. Ethnomusicology, U. Hajibeyli, M. Magomayev, folk songs, folk dances, creativity of ashugs, art of mugam.

Jalə QULAMOVA. XX əsrin II yarısında Azərbaycan muğamşünaslığında muğamın toplanıb nota alınması, nəşr olunması və səs yazıları irsi

Annotation

There were many talented artists who raised our national music, especially the art of mugham, to a special stage and passed it on to other nations, and their relics are one of the invaluable treasures of our cultural heritage. The main sources in the study of this heritage are recordings and notes. The collection, notation and publication of mughams by prominent mugham connoisseurs has led to the spread and recognition of mugham in the world and the growth of its fans. The systematic notation and study of Azerbaijan's traditional folk and professional music began only in the twentieth century. The new stage of development of notation and publication of mugham in the form of a collection belongs to the second half of the XX century. In our research, we also aim to conduct research on mugham publications and sound recordings related to these years.
Key words: National music, mugham, dastgah, rhytmical music, tasnif, khananda, singer, notes, sound recordings.

Aytac RƏHİMOVA. Nizami Gəncəvi və orta əsrlərdə Azərbaycan mədəniyyəti

Annotation

The article examines the processes taking place in Azerbaijani culture during the life of Nizami Ganjavi. It is noted that when analyzing Nizami's works, the artistic content of the works is based on artistic connections. The middle ages were the period of economic and cultural renascence of Azerbaijan. Literature, painting, music and architecture began to rapidly develop during that period. During the Renaissance in Azerbaijan the special artistic unity of various arts was formed , and music occupied a special place among them. As an example, suffice it to recall the close relationship between music and poetry in Azerbaijani culture. At that time, a musician was both a poet and a singer.
When we talk about relations in the sphere of art, we also talk about the art of carpet weaving and Tabriz miniatures. The influence of Nizami's works on this art is inestimable.
The musical scenes interpreted in Nizami Ganjavi's works and the descriptions of musical instruments create a context for talking about the status of music in the society of that time. The article points out that Nizami's works influenced almost all fields of art.

Zhu XINTONG. Bearing Native Land Emotion, Spreading Chinese Culture ----- CCTV Year of the Tiger Spring Festival Gala Song “Unforgettable Tonight”

The CCTV Spring Festival Gala is a comprehensive cultural evening held by CCTV on New Year’s Eve every year to celebrate the New Year.The “Spring Festival Gala songs” over the years are the epitome of mass music culture.In the past three decades, the song“Unforgettable Tonight” has been widespread, and its' charming is forever. The Spring Festival Gala not only carries the summary of the past year and the happy expectations of the new year for Chinese people around the world, but also reflects the prosperity of our country and culture under the development of the times.
Keyword： Spring Festival gala;Unforgettable Tonight;cultural transmission;classic work